Least Preferred Coworker(LPC)Measure Personal Statement

Least Preferred Coworker(LPC)Measure - Personal Statement Example I do concur with the aftereffects of this test. I am task-roused and better at sorting out individuals and taking care of business. Be that as it may, I likewise concur with Fiedler’s other hypothesis concerning LPC model. As indicated by him, LPC model aides in showing the initiative style of an individual anyway the adequacy of this style is additionally reliant on situation’s positivity. There is no perfect administration style and a specific authority style can not be reasonable for unexpected circumstances. A mix of individual qualities and given situational possibility decides the administration style’s viability. Pioneer part relationship, task structure and pioneer position power are the components which decide whether the circumstance close by is good and matches the authority style (Bar-Tal, 1989). On hypothetical grounds, Fielder’s model does helps in recognizing one’s administration style yet its precision is as yet dicey because of different variables. Right off the bat, Fiedler put together this model with respect to a suspicion that authority styles stay fixed and disregarded the conceivable adaptability in close to home characteristics or odds of improvement through learning after some time (Bass, 1990). Furthermore, the model accept that an individual can either be task-arranged or relationship persuaded which are two boundaries (Peter, Hartke and Pohlman, 1985; Vecchio, 1983). On the off chance that a person’s LPC scores give a normal aggregate, at that point the initiative style is unsure and hard to decide. Ultimately, there is a likelihood that an individual is really viable as a pioneer regardless of authority style and functions admirably with rest of the group aside from one who is befuddled, uncouth or a truly horrendous individual to work wi th. In such case, the LPC model will straightforward proclaim the individual stepping through examination a low-LPC pioneer while the real picture can essentially be the inverse (Mind Tools, 2012). Dwindles, L.H.,Hartke, D.D. and Pohlmann, J.T. (1985), Fiedlers Contingency Theory of Leadership: An application

Challenges Inherent in Repositioning a Fast Food Chain

Difficulties Inherent in Repositioning a Fast Food Chain Acquaintance Repositioning is considered with be a significant procedure for any business since it includes various huge components from the advertising circle. The nuts and bolts of repositioning address such advances like item character, its potential changes, family members among the contending items, and assessment of the suppositions from the objective market.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Challenges Inherent in Repositioning a Fast Food Chain explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More A cautious and effectively completed repositioning procedure can profit the organization in an extraordinary manner. While attempting to reposition inexpensive food, there are various difficulties included: profoundly brought about costs, barely assessed sentiments, consistent interest of items. Much cash must be spent during the repositioning procedure, and, in a time of money related emergency, just like the present circumstance, it is essential to concoct some s avvy techniques to prevail in the picked procedure. The organization ought to be completely mindful of the new position that tries to be set up in light of the fact that a lot of misfortunes is conceivable and failures to recoup from the emergency inside a brief timeframe forestall appropriate improvement of exercises. Because of repositioning, the nature of the items must be improved, the contending capacities may get more grounded, and the inexpensive food association under examination can characterize its frail and solid sides. Conversation Importance of SWOT examination in repositioning To think of a fitting exceptional Subway product offering, it is imperative to do a SWOT investigation with the goal that it will be anything but difficult to characterize a few proper techniques on the most proficient method to promote and improve the item. A SWOT examination is significant in the repositioning procedure. In any case, the large scale patterns are additionally significant and hel p to decide the best way to deal with use in undoubtedly. In view of the SWOT investigation, it is clear that there are a few holes that should be placed into thought. While attempting to refresh the product offering and publicizing of Subway, it is important to take note of that the present large scale patterns which are portrayed by an extraordinary financial downturn and improved innovation (Bedekar, 2009). Sadly, because of the current financial emergency, it isn't recommendable for the association to address all the holes in question. Under the conditions shaped, the organization should concentrate on the most proficient method to keep up its clients as it keeps on drawing more from its rivals. The main method of doing this is make essential enhancements for the item and passing on data about the item. To accomplish the reasons set, it is progressively sensible to improve the chains of cheap food, and to set the estimation of the items at moderate costs. Advertising technique t o be embraced by the Subway cheap food chain dependent on the SWOT investigation Using state-of-the-art innovation. A fitting showcasing technique is the thing that any inexpensive food bind needs to refresh: its product offering just as its publicizing considering the present full scale pattern needs to experience various changes. The most ideal method of how an association may refresh its product offering is the technique for improving its item decoration.Advertising Looking for report on business financial aspects? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As acquired from the SWOT examination, the company’s adornment was seen to be obsolete when contrasted and its rivals. The presence of an item is the thing that most clients use to translate if the item is extremely worth purchasing in such seasons of monetary trouble. Cutting-edge embellishment of establishment. As of now, internet business has carried numerous progressions as to advertising. The Subway ought to subsequently us this new innovation to do its promoting. While utilizing web based business to advertise items, appearance of the item is significant, along these lines the association ought to improve its conveyance of items as to enhancement just as the methods for transmitting data (Hooley, Piercy, Nicoulaud, 2008). Inexpensive food creation line is the second biggest cheap food chain on the planet. These days, under the at present created innovations, it would be possibly suitable if such a lofty organization was fully informed regarding the on goings with respect to the large scale patterns. Ongoing examinations show that the inexpensive food agents attempted to reposition its product offerings according to sound and taste items. In the Figure One, correlation of the results of various drive-through eateries demonstrates that Subway takes driving situations in the creation of more advantageous and less calorie sandwiches. Each organizatio n tries to introduce fitting creation improved as per similar parameters. Subsequently, it would be significant for the inexpensive food chain to reposition its product offering while at the same time placing into center the casing of reference and the related purposes of equality. Productive administrations in conveyance. The item and related method of conveyance must be mulled over also. At the point when the opportunity to item or administration conveyance comes, a business person must be prepared to guarantee the nature of an item and demonstrate that it goes inseparably with its appearance. The Subway is perceived to have the most advantageous results of the various cheap food chains. With the assistance of the Figure Two, it is conceivable to discover what kind of segments are intrinsic to the creation viable, for instance, for their Roast Beefs. In spite of the fact that various calories surpass the quantity of other valuable components, the proportion of destructive and soun d components is better than in different associations. In any case, its dã ©cor and administration conveyance framework are not up to measures. The Subway in this way ought to think about quality items as its casing of reference while different elements like appearance, enhancement, and the dedication of proficient help conveyance ought to be the central matters of equality. The cheap food chain can choose to make conveyance of an elegant wellbeing sandwich, burger, or some other item the buyer may pick at their place of decision and accommodation (Keller, Sternthal, Tybout, 2002).Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Challenges Inherent in Repositioning a Fast Food Chain explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Frequent correspondence with clients. The cheap food chain should utilize refreshed innovation as to Face Book, Twitter, Yahoo, and other related sites which have the adolescent as the fundamental objective in view of their unfathomable energy to drive-through eateries and the administrations accessible. The Internet is the best media channel by methods for which the inexpensive food chain may build up its business. Through the Internet, the inexpensive food chain will focus on a bigger piece of the overall industry. In the midst of money related emergency, as obvious in the present large scale patterns, steady correspondence and data change between the clients and dealers is significant. This is on the grounds that data is ground-breaking at such occasions rather than business pictures. Web based business is the best choice to use during the procedures of sending messages instead of conveyance through post to save money on cost and time (Prescott, 2002). Given the current monetary downturn, clearly clients have likewise changed their inclinations as to the method of how their cash could be spent. The Subway cheap food chain should utilize the monetary emergency to build its piece of the overall industry. During a financial downturn, customers won't select to spend more; consequently the most reasonable method of dealing with this adjustment in conduct is diminish expenses and costs of the items. As per Hooley (2008), an expansion in advertising costs doesn't prompt misfortune yet leads to the impressive addition with more benefits. Likewise, the piece of the overall industry increments. It is significant for the cheap food chain as it is as yet attempting to set up a consistent client base instead of its rivals (Hooley, Piercy, Nicoulaud, 2008). Current large scale patterns. The present large scale pattern of financial downturn is related with an adjustment in promoting. It is essential to comprehend the conduct change of clients. During a budgetary emergency, a client will be increasingly disposed to data rather than fanciful ads. Hence, the method of publicizing changes to one that is guaranteeing and persuading enough as to fabricate trust and certainty inside the client. This is on the grounds th at, during the budgetary emergency, the client is in significant need of a ware and friends that the individual in question can trust (Ferrell, Hartline, 2002).Advertising Searching for report on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Despite the way that advancement expenses ought not transform, it is imperative to think of honorable approaches to advance the items. In such financial difficult situations, the client is keen on acquiring the best an incentive for their cash (Tudor Silvia, 2009). Determination A repositioning is a mandatory procedure that must be taken by any business association in a reasonable way. The Subway product offering should be refreshed as to quality items as the edge of reference with enhancement and appearance just as responsibility in administration as purposes of equality. In the midst of monetary emergency as is with the present large scale pattern, assembling a decent connection with clients is significant. Thus, the pieces of the overall industry of the business is augmented in the manner that, considerably after the downturn, the pieces of the overall industry will even now be enormous and in gigantic interest among potential clients. References Bedekar, VN 2009, Service Manageme nt. Microsoft PowerPoint introduction. Web. Ferrell, OC Hartline, MD 2002, Marketing Strategy, fourth Edition, Thomson South-Wes

The Development of Populism in Argentina and Peru during the 20th Century

The paper will contemplate populism as political development generally utilized in the nations of Latin America all through the twentieth century. The techniques applied and the advancement of populism will be researched based on political history of two nations: Argentina and Peru. So as to satisfy careful assessment, the paper will portray the primary portray the fundamental parts of populism and afterward look into its Argentinean and Peruvian renditions. At long last, all the discoveries of the paper will be summed up and broke down in the conclusion.The expression â€Å"populism† was utilized to depict the lawmakers who asserted that they speak to the premiums of â€Å"common people† as not the same as those of the ground-breaking or rich.[1] Populist developments were not class-based. Despite the fact that ideologically they were unintelligible, they attempted to be comprehensive. The pioneers were primarily charming and personalistic. The style of the initiative was expressively nationalistic, which implied that it depended either on local conventions or pseudo customs of the country.As a standard, populists manifested their profound worry for social equity, change, advancement of the common laborers, and evacuating minimization by reconciliation of devastated individuals into society. The class strife was depicted as outsider. The center of populists’ guarantees was rolling out fundamental improvements without adjusting the essential idea of society. Populist parties asserted that they knew all the responses for national issues and the individuals who restricted them were false loyalists of their country. Populists typically looked for union with associations and would in general form a unified state where force was gathered in the hands of the president.According to Joel Horowitz, populism overwhelmed in political history of Argentina.[2] Due to populism present day Argentina has unbridgeable splits in its the present society, talk and style of its legislative issues. While the procedure of improvement, included significant areas of society and pulled in the help of masses of Argentineans. Populists considered themselves the tastes of the country and the adversaries of populism were characterized as foes of the individuals. Along these lines, â€Å"politics rotated around developments that won solid loyalties however avoided their enemies.†[3] It caused a scope of military takeovers, with the ensuing gigantic brutality, where both military and regular citizens were involved.The beginning periods of present day political arrangement of Argentina and the primary endeavors to execute populist approach can be followed from 1980, when the Radical Party made and endeavor to oust the legislature. Despite the fact that this endeavor fizzled, the radicals (Uniã ³n Cã ­vica Radical) exhibited their restriction to the current political framework and called for reasonable decisions. It comprised a genuine risk o f upheaval in Argentina in light of the fact that the gathering was upheld by the white collar class of society.  However, a considerable lot of the pioneers of the radicals were from tip top. The Radical chiefs advanced legitimately to the common laborers of Argentina.Hipà ³lito Yrigoyen ( 1852-1933), a child of a lady from the world class and a Basque metal forger, turned into the primary noticeable government official who began his profession as a pioneer of the radicals and got prevalence by utilizing the strategies for populism. He made the instrument of a cutting edge ideological group and effectively outsmarted his adversaries. He made himself an image of the extreme party, spoke to its expectations and formed his authority into an entire religion of his personality.However, Yrigoyen didn't utilize the techniques that describe a lead of an advanced populist. He inconsistently gave discourse and once in a while showed up out in the open. Hipã ³lito Yrigoyen composed next t o no ‘for well known consumption’ and his composed works were hard to comprehend. Yrigoyen’s expressions contained deficient political way of thinking. Additionally, in the wake of turning into a president, Yrigoyen didn't show a specific enthusiasm for any political program, rather, he was by all accounts inspired by power itself and its extension. What's more, Hipã ³lito Yrigoyen didn't crusade utilizing speech of most populists or the ostentatious signals. The solid purposes of his initiation depended on making employments and administering patronage.Even from its beginning periods of advancement populism in Argentina depended on police and police culinary experts specifically. Under the administration of Hipã ³lito Yrigoyen, Buenos Aires head of police worked as key agents and settled work clashes. The significance of police can be brilliantly outlined utilizing the case of Elpidio Gonzã ¡lez’s profession way. Gonzã ¡lez endeavored to accomplish th e situation of VP, and clergyman of inside by slowly moving from pastor of war, to the degree of contender for legislative head of Cã ³rdoba, one of the most significance territories, and afterward to police boss in Buenos Aires. Accordingly, under the arrangement of populism, â€Å"A great police boss was a man for all seasons.†[4]The early populist Hipã ³lito Yrigoyen spoke to new gatherings of society and guaranteed changes without modifying social basic nature. Yrigoyen was a minor individual from theocracy and rustic first class. Accordingly, while talking on class struggle, he ceaselessly assaulted the badly characterized provincial based tip top and the government, which pulled in help center and average workers of the nation. Additionally, Hipã ³lito Yrigoyen notoriety among ordinary citizens was reinforced when he began to regard individuals with low pay as the genuine citizenry. Afterward, during the 1940s, this methodology was utilized by another magnetic populi st pioneer Juan Perà ³n.Some populist signals of Hipã ³lito Yrigoyen were excessively self-evident. Hence, in 1917 when laborers took to the streets at a meatpacking plant, he would not give a meeting to the pioneers of the cattlemen's affiliation Sociedad Rural, which was viewed as most significant social and financial gathering in Argentina. Such a disposition was seen by the papers, and soon one of the main national papers pitched an article were it stressed that the pioneers of the cattlemen's affiliation were gotten not with a similar consideration as the striking specialists of the plant.[5]While his presidential crusade, Hipã ³lito Yrigoyen went to the local brought into the world common laborers which was quickly developing around then. Yrigoyen comprehended that the common laborers of Argentina could be an enormous potential wellspring of voters. This got conceivable because of persuasive belief system of Syndicalism. In 1910 Syndicalism transformed into a lively work de velopment that abhorred middle class and broadcasted insurgency through a general strike. Hipã ³lito Yrigoyen was eager to align with Syndicalists since they didn't have other political ties and would hinder the development of Yrigoyen’s genuine adversary †the Socialist party.The legislature of Hipã ³lito Yrigoyen didn't meddle with the action of Argentinean Syndicalism and, in addition, set strides to fulfill expectations of strikers, for instance, to improve their conditions, to managers to acknowledge the job the associations in recruiting laborers. Obviously, later the job of Yrigoyen in settling early strikes was worried by his exposure during the 1927-28 presidential campaign.In 1930 the most commended wave of populism overflowed Argentina. Argentinean government that managed from the time of 1932-1943 predominantly had a place with neoconservatives, who incorporated the individuals from conventional landed first class and attempted to keep up an affectation of m ajority rule government. The exigencies of the Great Depression constrained the execution of the strategy of import replacement industrialization that incited quick extension of Argentinean urban common laborers. From 1932 to 1943 speedy urbanization and industrialization in Argentina distanced the extended previously common laborers from the remainder of society, and this procedure arranged the ground for the social emergency. The military takeover changed the circumstance drastically by enabling to the military gathering and their pioneer Col. Juan Domingo Perã ³n ( 1891-1974).Col. Juan Domingo Perã ³n turned into the following significant populist pioneer in Argentina. As indicated by the article Populism and Its Legacies in Argentina wrote by Joel Horowitz, Peron can be portrayed as â€Å"a tall, directing figure and a ground-breaking speaker, had the capacity to engage individuals and win them to his side. He was one of those uncommon lawmakers instilled with veritable chari sma.†[6] He, similar to his ancestor Hipã ³lito Yrigoyen, likewise went to regular workers, however fortified his capacity with the assistance of the military. In late 1943 Perã ³n was selected to possess the situation of VP and pastor of war. In October Perã ³n as of now became leader of the National Department of Labor, which filled in as a stage the usage of his ways to deal with work, setting contacts with associations and prevailing upon the hearts and psyches the average workers of Argentina.The arrangement of Col. Juan Domingo Perã ³n had two bearings: first, Perã ³n supported and helped numerous units to achieve the significant piece of their since a long time ago looked for objectives; second, he began restraint against uncooperative associations. Because of a master work bearing, the legislature authorized work laws, such significant ones as making contracts with laborers, without precedent for the historical backdrop of Argentina. It adjusted the forces of capi tal and work in the nation, expanded wages and improved the association of unions.On the other hand, Peron battled his opponents by utilizing suppression, which made his system totally tyrant. The pioneers of Socialists and Communists needed to live under the steady risk of being captured. So as to endure, other political powers, for instance, the Communist Party, needed to go underground. The competition with Communist associations was bolstered by the administration, which likewise restricted participation with them. Therefore, such significant associations as materials, meatpacking, and the metal exchanges were destroyed.Peron by and by spoke to associations. His mystique consistently helped his to accomplish an ideal

College Paper Reviews Is Important

College Paper Reviews Is ImportantThere are hundreds of colleges and universities around the country. The question many of these students are asking is whether they should look into using college-paper reviews in order to find the best college for them. Many colleges are not as transparent as they would like you to believe. They only want your money.College-paper reviews are there to tell you what's on the books. If you are looking for a college that will help you become financially independent, then you need to read a few pages of college-paper reviews. Many people think that all colleges are the same and that all colleges are going to be the same. Unfortunately, this is not true.Many college-paper reviews will not show you all of the options available. Some colleges and universities can be much more expensive than others.There is a small percentage of colleges and universities that do not do good in their reviews. Many times you will only find bad reviews. This is because many time s those colleges have been run into the ground.You have to keep in mind that a lot of people do not review the schools that they went to. This is because the government will not allow any criticism on the colleges or universities. Instead, they will allow students to give reviews of the schools they attended.What these people do not understand is that if you are going to criticize something, then you need to offer information to back up your argument. Many times, you will get nothing but hate from people. They will either leave your comments blank or they will not even read them.As with everything else, it is best to use college-paper reviews to find out which colleges are the best for you. It is not fair to use colleges as you would use a product.

What Is Air Pollution

The term air pollution is used so commonly that you may not think definitions are necessary. But the issue is more complicated than it first appears.   Ask most people to define air pollution, and their first response is to describe  smog,  the smelly stuff that turns the air brown or gray and hovers over urban centers like Los Angeles, Mexico City, and Beijing. Even here, though, definitions vary. Some sources define smog as the presence of unnatural levels of ground-level ozone, while other sources say things like fog mixed with smoke. A more modern and precise definition is a photochemical haze caused by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmosphere polluted with hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen especially from automobile exhaust. Officially, air pollution can be defined as the presence of harmful substances in the air, either particulates or microscopic biologic molecules, that pose health hazards to living organisms, such as people, animals or plants. Air pollution comes in many  forms and may include a number of different pollutants and toxins in various combinations. Air pollution is far more than a nuisance or inconvenience. According to the World Health Organization, air pollution causes the deaths of approximately 4.2 million people annually worldwide. What Constitutes Air Pollution? The two most widespread types of air pollution are the  ozone  and particle pollution (soot), but air pollution also may include serious pollutants such as carbon monoxide, lead, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur dioxide, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and toxins such as mercury, arsenic, benzene, formaldehyde, and acid gases. Most of these pollutants are man-made, but some air pollution is due to natural causes, such as ash from volcanic eruptions.   The specific composition of air pollution in a particular location depends primarily on the source or sources of pollution. Automobile exhaust, coal-fired power plants, industrial factories, and other pollution sources all spew different types of pollutants and toxins into the air. While we think of air pollution as a condition describing outside air, the air quality within your home is equally important. Cooking vapors, carbon monoxide from heating appliances, off-gassing of formaldehyde and other chemicals from furniture and construction materials, and secondhand tobacco smoke are all potentially dangerous forms of indoor air pollution.   Air Pollution and Your Health Air pollution hovers at unhealthy levels in almost every major U.S. city, interfering with people’s ability to breathe, causing or aggravating many serious health conditions, and placing lives at risk. Many cities worldwide face the same issues, especially in so-called emerging economies such as China and India, where cleaner technologies are not yet in standard usage.   Breathing ozone, particle pollution or other types of air pollution can seriously damage your health. Inhaling ozone can irritate your lungs, resulting in something like a bad sunburn within the lungs, according to the American Lung Association. Breathing particle pollution (soot) can increase your risk of heart attack, stroke and early death, and it may necessitate emergency-room visits for people with asthma, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. A great many cancers are traced to chemical air pollutants.   Air pollution is also a problem in developing countries that are not yet fully industrialized. More than half the worlds population still cook their meals with wood, dung, coal or other solid fuels over open fires or on primitive stoves inside their homes, breathing high levels of pollutants such as particulate pollution and carbon monoxide, which results in 1.5 million unnecessary deaths every year. Who Is Most at Risk? The health risks of air pollution are greatest among infants and young children, older adults and people with respiratory diseases such as asthma. People who work or exercise outside also face increased health risks from the effects of air pollution, along with people who live or work near busy highways, factories or power plants. In addition, minorities and people with low incomes are often disproportionately affected by air pollution because of where they live, which places them at higher risk for illnesses related to air pollution. Low-income populations often live near industrial or inner-city zones where factories, utilities, and other industrial sources may create unusually high levels of air pollution.   Air Pollution and the Health of the Planet If air pollution affects humans, it of course also may also have an impact on animals and plant life. Many animal species are threatened by high levels of air pollution, and weather conditions created by air pollution affect both animal and plant life. For example, acid rain caused by the  burning  of fossil fuels has radically changed the nature of forests in the U.S. Northeast, upper  Midwest, and Northwest. And it is now indisputable that air pollution causes shifts in global weather patterns — the  raising  of global temperatures, the melting of polar ice sheets and the coming rise in ocean water levels.   How Can Air Pollution Be Reduced? The evidence is clear that our personal choices and industrial practices can affect the levels of air pollution. Cleaner industrial technologies are shown to lower air pollution levels, and it can be demonstrated that anytime more primitive industrial practices increase, so do levels of dangerous air pollution. Here are some of the obvious ways that humans can, and have reduced air pollution:   Reduction of fossil fuel burning in favor of renewable energy sources. Nations that obtain their electrical power from nuclear, hydroelectric, solar and wind power have lower pollution levels than those that favor the burning of coal or natural gas.  Improved gas mileage in automobiles and the introduction of electric-powered vehicles. California, for example, once plagued with dangerous smog, has greatly improved its air quality through tight controls on automobile emissions standards. Similarly, reduction in the use of other internal combustion engines can reduce air pollution. The shift to battery-operated or electric lawn mowers and lawn equipment, for example, has a demonstrable effect on air quality.  Reduction in agricultural burning — the method of clearing forested areas for agriculture — can reduce the level of smoke and carbon dioxide in the air. This is a particular problem in developing countries.  Reducing wood burning can also reduce levels of smoke in the air. In some communities, wood fireplaces are now outlawed, greatly reducing dangerous levels of smoke in the air. Gas fireplaces are better than wood-burners, and even better are electric fireplaces that burn no fuels at all.  Indoor air quality is improved when tobacco smoking is restricted by ordinance. Citizen pressure to restrict smoking in public places has a real effect on air quality.  Reduction of chemical compounds in paints, adhesives, and solvents has improved the quality of indoor and outdoor air. Always look for low VOC materials for home improvements, and where practical, opt for water-based rather than solvent-based paints and other materials. Look for carpets, fabrics, and furniture that dont off-gas dangerous fumes.   Controlling pollution is possible, but it requires the individual and political will to do so, and these efforts must constantly be balanced with economic realities, as green technologies are often more expensive, especially when they are first introduced. Such choices are in the hands of each individual: for example, do you buy a cheap but dirty automobile or an expensive electric car? Or are jobs for coal miners more important than clean air?  These complex questions are not easily answered by individuals or governments, but they are questions that should be considered and debated with eyes open to the real effects of air pollution.

Equal Opportunities in the Workplace - 1721 Words

I chose to focus my paper on EEO, being that I am an African- American and have experienced some of the negative aspects of it. I will discuss equal opportunities in the workplace, and its affect on human resource management. Equal opportunities are very important in the modern workplace. Providing equal opportunities involves providing the same opportunities to all the employees and prospective employees regardless of their sex, age, disabilities, ethnic origins, sexual orientations etc. Equal opportunities allow the employee to have rights therefore the employer is unable to take advantage, discriminate or manipulate staff. Employers have an element of power over their employees but by having the law on the side of the employees,†¦show more content†¦It is unlawful to require candidates for jobs to meet criteria, which are more difficult for different racial groups or either sex to achieve, unless the criteria are specifically a requirement of the job. It is the establishm ent and maintenance of fair and justifiable selection criteria within the framework of targeting that can form the key focus of an equal treatment policy. The kind of targets would refer to recruitment levels, promotion levels and training to be taken up separately by the appropriate classification. In summary the target is the result of the organizations various policies, that will be expected to be achieved over a period of time. The targets are not quotas and must not lead to unlawful activity. This is not an easy dividing line and care and attention would be required to separate the pre-selection process from the point of selection itself. It is for example, possible to encourage women to take up engineering or science as a career. However, while this extra effort can be directed at women to encourage greater numbers to apply there must be no discrimination at the point of actual selection based on race, creed and sex. Targeting makes business sense if it results in a better use of talent available within the company opens up new sources of external recruitment or simply projects the company as a fair employer. Companies who readily accept targeting in other areas of their business may find difficultyShow MoreRelatedWomen in the Workplace: Work Life Balance and Equal Opportunity to Enhance Women Empowerment2973 Words   |  12 PagesLiterature Review Women in the Workplace: Work Life Balance and Equal Opportunity to Enhance Women Empowerment By Asih Budiati Swiss German University, Batch 19 I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY More and more women now perceive employment and career paths are critically important to them and that parenting as an option is currently unattractive since they feel that parenting is incompatible with their career. 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The problem with this legislation is that they are often difficult to apply. In 1970, the Equal Pay Act was introduced. It requiresRead MoreEqual Rights of American Muslims in Various Sectors1782 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Equal Rights of American Muslims: After over half a decade since the 9/11 terror attacks on American soil, the consequences of the devastating incident have continued to spread out on Muslims in the United States who have been subjected to harsh experiences because of association. These people have not only been held accountable for their actions but also for the actions of people with false banners in their name since the attacks. Before the 9/11 attacks, Muslims in America were mainly involved

Disadvantages of tourism free essay sample

According to Collier (1997) tourism involves three aspects, it involves people(tourists) away from their usual habitat, the activities of people away from their usual habitat will normally give rise to an industry and the activities of both the people and the industry may or will have impact on the host community. 2. 0 DISADVANTAGES OF TOURISM 2. 1 THREATHEN INDIGENOUS IDENTITY Tourism gives positive impacts to a country but the impacts arise when tourism brings about changes in value systems and behaviour, thereby threatens indigenous identity. Furthermore, changes often occur in community structure, family relationships, collective traditional life styles, ceremonies and morality. 2. 2 CHANGE THE CULTURE The relationship between tourism and culture is an extremely tense one, both in theory and practice. Modern tourism has been the target of cultural criticism right from the start (Keller, 1984). Large numbers of tourists are as unwelcome as hordes of migrants, since they upset the normal cultural equilibrium of a society or territorial entity. 2. 3 INFLUENCE THE LOCAL IDENTITY AND VALUES Tourism can cause change or loss of local identity and values, brought about by several closely related influences. It can turn local cultures into commodities when religious rituals, traditional ethnic rites and festivals are reduced and sanitized to conform to tourist expectations, resulting in what has been called reconstructed ethnicity. Once a destination is sold as a tourism product, and the tourism demand for souvenirs, arts, entertainment and other commodities begins to exert influence, basic changes in human values may occur. Sacred sites and objects may not be respected when they are perceived as goods to trade. Destinations risk standardization in the process of satisfying tourists desires for familiar facilities. While landscape, accommodation, food and drinks, etc. , must meet the tourists desire for the new and unfamiliar, they must at the same time not be too new or strange because few tourists are actually looking for completely new things. Tourists often look for recognizable facilities in an unfamiliar environment, like well-known fast-food restaurants and hotel chains. Adapting cultural expressions and manifestations to the tastes of tourists or even performing shows as if they were real life constitutes staged authenticity. As long as tourists just want a glimpse of the local atmosphere, a quick glance at local life, without any knowledge or even interest, staging will be inevitable. 2. 4 BAD INFLUNCE OF LIFESTYLES Many tourists come from societies with different consumption patterns and lifestyles than what is current at the destination, seeking pleasure, spending large amounts of money and sometimes behaving in ways that even they would not accept at home. One effect is that local people that come in contact with these tourists may develop a sort of copying behaviour, as they want to live and behave in the same way. Tourists often, out of ignorance or carelessness, fail to respect local customs and moral values. When they do, they can bring about irritation and stereotyping. They take a quick snapshot and are gone, and by so acting invade the local peoples lives. 2. 5 SOCIAL STRESS The physical influences that the increasing tourism flow, and its consequent developments, has on a destination can cause severe social stress as it impacts the local community. Resource use conflicts, such as competition between tourism and local populations for the use of prime resources like water and energy because of scarce supply. Stress to local communities can also result from environmental degradation and increased infrastructure costs for the local community for example, higher taxes to pay for improvements to the water supply or sanitation facilities. 2. 6 TRADITIONAL LAND-USES CONFLICTS Tourism can cause conflicts with traditional land-uses, especially in intensely exploited areas such as coastal zones, which are popular for their beaches and islands. Conflicts arise when the choice has to be made between development of the land for tourist facilities or infrastructure and local traditional land-use. The local people can suffer from tourism development, in coastal areas construction of shoreline hotels and tourist faculties often cuts off access for the locals to traditional fishing ground and even recreational use of the areas. 2. 7 ETHICAL AND CRIMINAL ISSUES Partly due to the above impacts, tourism can create more serious situations where ethical and even criminal issues are involved. Crime rates typically increase with the growth and urbanization of an area and growth of mass tourism is often accompanied by increased crime. The presence of a large number of tourists with a lot of money to spend and often carrying valuables such as cameras and jewelry, increases the attraction for criminals and brings with it activities like robbery and drug dealing. Repression of these phenomena often exacerbates social tension. Tourism can also drive the development of gambling, which may cause negative changes in social behavior. 2. 8 SEXUAL EXPLOITATION The commercial sexual exploitation of children and young women has paralleled the growth of tourism in many parts of the world. Though tourism is not the cause of sexual exploitation, it provides easy access to it. Tourism also brings consumerism to many parts of the world previously denied access to luxury commodities and services. The lure of this easy money has caused many young people, including children, to trade their bodies in exchange for T-shirts, personal stereos, bikes and even air tickets out of the country. In other situations children are trafficked into the brothels on the margins of the tourist areas and sold into sex slavery, very rarely earning enough money to escape. 3. 0 CONCLUSION When planning tourism and attracting visitors to a region, it is essential that the negative socio-cultural impacts tourism are identified and that strategies are implemented to help to reduce such negative impacts.

The Scarlet Letter Essay Research Paper If free essay sample

The Scarlet Letter Essay, Research Paper If one is to read Nathaniel Hawthorne s novel The Scarlet Letter, they will forever retrieve the singular narrative of a adult female who succeeds against all odds. It inordinately describes the life and times of early Puritan settlers in America and the wickedness of criminal conversation. The inquiry of morality and its positive and negative effects is at the really nucleus of this narrative. Is one dark of wickedness worth a life-time of adversities? I. Drumhead Hester Prynne, a member of a one time flush and comfortable household, was arranged to get married a doctor by the name of Roger Chillingworth. Although non out of love, they are married and unrecorded successful lives in Amsterdam. When they finally decide to settle in America, Hester is set on in front of Roger so that he may complete his concern in Amsterdam. Hester does non hear from her hubby for two old ages, and many people conceive of his being lost at sea. We will write a custom essay sample on The Scarlet Letter Essay Research Paper If or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Hester so falls in love with another adult male and they have a kid together. She is found guilty of perpetrating criminal conversation and is sentenced to stand keeping her kid before Boston on a scaffold for three hours. She is interrogated as to who her fellow evildoer is, but she remains strong. Many adult females of the town believe that Hester s punishment is non rough plenty and hence, she is marked with the missive A upon her thorax. She is returned to her prison cell and a physician is summoned to assist quiet her. The physician turns out to be her lost hubby, Chillingworth, and he makes Hester promise to neer uncover that he is her hubby. She does so in return for the secretiveness of the name of the adult male who is the male parent of her girl, Pearl. Finally, Hester settles down with Pearl in a little bungalow and leads a fundamentally normal life as a dressmaker. Pearl turns out to be a really curious kid with a disobedient attitude towards life. She is imp-like in vis ual aspect and many people believe that she could be a bad influence on their comfy Puritan town. With hearing talk that Pearl may be taken off from her, she goes to the Governor Bellingham s office in order to speak him into allowing her maintain the kid. Bellingham is displeased with Pearl s attitude of the church and Puritanism, and hence decides to take her off. Merely before he does, Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale stairss in and negotiations Bellingham out of it. Chillingworth witnesses all of this and is surprised to see how strongly Dimmesdale defends Hester and Pearl. Late one dark, after fighting with his guilt, Dimmesdale goes to the centre of the town and stands upon the scaffold, squealing his guilt. Purportedly, no 1 witnesses this as Hester and Pearl join him. Abruptly, Pearl points into the shadows where they could do out the image of Roger Chillingworth. Yet another dark, while Dimmesdale is kiping, Chillingworth notices a unusual grade on the Reverend s thorax. All of t hese incidents, along with Dimmesdale s neglecting wellness, ( which Chillingworth deems to be a consequence of terrible guilt ) provide him with more than adequate information to do a leap to who is Pearl s biological male parent. While Chillingworth continues to take joy in watching Dimmesdale s physical devolution, Hester feels she must assist him and hence asks Chillingworth to let her to uncover him as her hubby. One twenty-four hours, Hester stops Dimmesdale in the forests and announces that Chillingworth is her hubby. She tells him to travel to Boston and get down a new life. Dimmesdale says that he shall, but non entirely. So Hester tells him, Thou shalt non travel entirely! They become aroused about get downing a new life together, and Hester throws her red missive amidst the trees and calls for Pearl. Pearl refuses to come to her female parent because she is non have oning the vermilion A, which confuses Pearl. To pacify Pearl, Hester once more attaches the missive to her thorax. At Election Day, ( when the new governor is inaugurated ) Dimmesdale gives a superb address but seems really weak. Returning from the church, he collapses, so regains his balance and continues frontward. He makes it to the scaffold, and with the aid of Hester, he climbs it to confront the town. He cries out that he is the true male parent of Pearl. He tears his shirt unfastened to uncover a vermilion missive A blazed upon his thorax. His confession is what finally sets his psyche free and conquers the evil Chillingworth. After the go throughing off of Dimmesdale, Chillingworth has nil to keep his hungering for retaliation, and thereby dies shortly after. His money and ownerships are left to Pearl, who has now become a lady, unlike her former diabolic ego. She and her female parent travel on to take comfy Li degree Fahrenheits in England and so in Boston after they return in a figure of old ages. Hester and Pearl become outstanding Boston townspeople, and live their last old ages in peace. II. Correspondence to U.S. History The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne does an first-class occupation of explicating the early Puritan settlements of America and the settler s life styles. It describes their rigorous faith and intolerance for those who did non stay by it. The chief country of description is the Puritan position on criminal conversation. The Puritans were an highly spiritual people with even their name connoting that they were pure. The Bible was their usher for life, as they were frequently called people of the book. Both the political and the spiritual facets of Puritan society were ruled by morality. The Puritan universe position was a society with high moral criterions such as honestness, soberness, duty, and difficult work. To acquire to heaven, the Puritans felt one must understand God. One should take to populate a life the manner God intended you to. Adultery was considered one of the worst possible offenses that one could perpetrate, under the 7th comma ndment. The Puritans frequently imprisoned, whipped, or executed those who went against the word of the Bible. Some people, such as Anne Hutchinson and Thomas Hooker were banished from their places everlastingly. The Scarlet Letter explicitly discusses the Puritan s belief in the 7th amendment and criminal conversation. As most would reason, the vermilion missive A stands for criminal conversation. Through prominence and repeat, both the missive and Pearl come to typify her wickedness of criminal conversation. As the book illustrates, Hester is imprisoned for her offense of criminal conversation, forced to stand in forepart of the town and take their ridicule, and required to have on a vermilion missive A upon her thorax. The full book revolves around her and Dimmesdale s wickedness. This was a wickedness non taken lightly in early America. From the beginning of the book, Hester is brought to the scaffold to stand and bear ridicule for three hours. The adult females of the town do n on believe this to be a rough plenty punishment and therefore, she is branded with the missive A marked on her thorax. Some townspeople even believed that executing would be the right solution, but the justice looked upon her good behaviour old to the incident and lightened the sentence. This all goes to demo how serious of a offense this was looked at in the beginning of America. The alteration in beliefs of offenses such as criminal conversation from Early America to the present is amazing. In the 20th century, criminal conversation may be frowned upon, but it is an mundane happening and the idea of executing has ceased to come in anyone s head. Possibly some of the Puritan s Torahs were excessively rigorous, but partners should set away more attempt in maintaining their matrimonies successful. It s a lifetime committedness and it should be honored. Americans have lost their finding to hold successful matrimonies. This rapid impairment seems really damaging to America s hereafter and the households within it. III. Reaction The Scarlet Letter is an astonishing novel. In no other book have I seen as far into the heads of the lead characters. Hawthorne s usage of symbols and romanticism are exceeding. Anyone interested in early colonisation of America and the settler s relationship with their church should read this book. I was drawn in from the beginning with the description of the prison and Hester herself. I was brought through the remainder of the book with graphic descriptions of the characters and their environments. Although some chapters dragged on, ( the 1s with perfectly no duologue ) many of them moved along rapidly and were really dramatic. Although I must hold missed many of Hawthorne s symbols and their significances, the 1s I did catch were outstanding. Although some were really obvious, such as Hester s vermilion A, many were easy to lose, such as the Sun typifying guilt-free satisfaction. The overall secret plan makes this fresh such a chef-doe uvre. A adult female is lonely, and with her hubby losing she has one dark of iniquitous passion for which she pays for for the remainder of her life. Her hubby comes back and finally putting to deaths of her lover through guilt and anguish. He so dies because he no longer has anyone to take his retaliation on. I believe this to be a phenomenal apparatus for a narrative. Reasoning this analysis, The Scarlet Letter is a brilliant book and history categories around the state should utilize it as a acquisition assistance. It is a authoritative narrative of a adult female prevailing over her mistake in life and wining when it wasn t idea possible. Once you are trapped in this novel, it is highly hard to go untangled.

Inventor Henry Blair and His Patents

Inventor Henry Blair and His Patents Henry Blair was the only inventor to be identified in the Patent Office records as a colored man. Blair was born in Montgomery County, Maryland around 1807. He received a patent on October 14, 1834, for a seed planter and a patent in 1836 for a cotton planter. Henry Blair was the second black inventor to receive a patent the first was Thomas Jennings who received a patent in 1821 for a dry cleaning process. Henry Blair signed his patents with an x because he could not write. Henry Blair died in 1860. The Research of Henry Baker What we know about early black inventors comes mostly from the work of Henry Baker. He was an assistant patent examiner at the U.S. Patent Office who was dedicated to uncovering and publicizing the contributions of Black inventors. Around 1900, the Patent Office conducted a survey to gather information about black inventors and their inventions. Letters were sent to patent attorneys, company presidents, newspaper editors, and prominent African Americans. Henry Baker recorded the replies and followed-up on leads. Baker’s research also provided the information used to select Black inventions exhibited at the Cotton Centennial in New Orleans, the World’s Fair in Chicago, and the Southern Exposition in Atlanta. By the time of his death, Henry Baker had compiled four massive volumes.

Evaluation of the evidence for and against stem cell plasticity Article

Evaluation of the evidence for and against stem cell plasticity - Article Example This can be translated to mean that the highly regenerative tissues have stem cells while those that are poor regenerators lack stem cells (Frank, Schatton & Frank 2010, p. 41). However, cells that have been believed to be non-regenerators such as the heart and the brain have lately shown signs of regeneration. This has opened the doors for researches in stem cell population and their regenerative potential. Studies of tissue injury repair have discovered that there is a strong support for important stem cell functions in the hematopoietic system, dermal epithelium, intestinal epithelium, and skeletal muscle. This is a clear indication that stem cell plasticity can be of high importance in repairing of damaged cells in these tissues (Langer, Vacanti &Lanza 2014, p. 231). Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) exist predominantly in the bone marrow of human beings. They have always been known to serve the purpose of generation all lineages of mature blood cell types that are needed for the maintenance of proper hematopoietic function (Cetrulo, Cetrulo&Cetrulo 2009, p. 234). However, a series of studies have challenged this assertion. These studies suggest that if bone marrow cells are enriched by hematopoietic stem cell activity, they could appear to be of contribution to the lower levels of multiple nonhematopoietic tissues because of injured or irradiated recipients (Bhattacharya & Stubblefield 2014, p. 199). These studies reveal that these activities can result to nonhematopoietic cells within the skin, intestinal epithelium, lung epithelium, kidney epithelium, pancreas, liver parenchyma, skeletal muscle, and myocardium. Some of the support for the stem cell plasticity comes from opposes of abortion. The main reason as to why this group of people is in support of stem cell plasticity is the fact that a majority of stem cell researchers always use embryos that were created in virto fertility treatment. These are the embryos that were produced but were never used. Most

HES Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

HES - Coursework Example Drilling fluids are used in offshore oil and gas exploration for a number of reasons, including lubricating the drill bit, cleaning and conditioning the hole, maintaining the pressure of the borehole, as well as washing out rock cuttings out of the borehole to the surface. The drilling fluids is not normally used in its original state, instead, the fluids are mixed with some chemicals in order to maintain their properties. However, there has been an increased concern of the impacts of the drilling fluids and solid cuttings on the environment. GESAMP (1993:18) reported that these solid cuttings and drilling fluids contain hazardous chemical mixture that pose a danger to the environment, particularly to the marine life. As such, there is increased need for solid and gas drilling companies to ensure proper disposal of solid cuttings and drilling fluids as a means of conserving the environment. The main environmental issue linked to the drilling fluids concerns its negative impact on the performance and the continuous accumulation of solid cuttings (AUMS 1989:1). The aim of this paper is to examine some of the environmental issues related to drilling fluid management in light of the various types of drilling fluids. The paper will also explore the negative environmental impacts of improper disposal of drilling waste. Finally, the paper will conclude by discussing measures that oil companies need to take to mitigate the environmental impacts of the drilling fluids. The exploration of offshore oil and gas has intensified in the recent past. This is attributable to the increased need for energy independent. Even though the use of fossil fuel energy has been blamed for the increased production of greenhouse gases that cause global warming, its exploration is not about to end anytime soon. The world will still experience increased exploration of oil and gas (Reis 1996:6). However, the rate at which offshore exploration has increased in the recent past has caused many co ncerns, especially to environmentalists (Australian Petroleum Production & Exploration Association Ltd 1998:51). This is attributable to the magnitude of pollutants generated by the drilling activities. Normally, when exploring offshore oil and gas, engineers normally use the drilling fluid (mud) to lubricate the drill bit, wash out the solid cuttings, condition the hole, as well as to maintain the pressure of the borehole. This is very important for effective exploration of offshore oil and gas, according to Armsworthy, ? Cranford, ?and Lee (2005:8). The drilling fluids used in the exploration of offshore oil and gas are normally not pure. They often contain additives and chemicals meant to enhance the operational property of the final mixture (Cordah Environmental Management Consultants 2000:5). The operational properties enhance using chemicals and additives include density, reactivity, viscosity, ion-exchange parameters, salinity, and fluid loss. Obtaining the right property of the fluid is important for ensuring effective drilling operation. The main types of drilling fluids in use include water-based fluids and non-aqueous fluids. Water-based fluid is a drilling fluid which comprising of a mixture of water,

International Trade and Finance Speech Essay Example for Free

International Trade and Finance Speech Essay This speech delivered by the Speaker of the House to a group of reporters surrounding the topics of international trade, foreign exchange rates, import surplus and how they each impact different constituencies. It will also explain why the government would not be able to restrict importation of goods from China, or if wanted to impose tariffs. The Economy and international Trade The United States was once the highest exporter in all the world. Today, the United States has a negative balance of trade, because of the fact that we now import more goods than we export goods. An example of an import would be oil. The oil that we have imported impacts our businesses and our consumers by making gasoline and other oil derivatives more expensive. This makes prices increase because consumers will have to pay for goods from the fact that the cost of driving will go up. This is a major reason why the government is trying to encourage the development of alternate forms of energy such as coal or natural gas. The goods that the United States imports are not always negative. American consumers have benefited greatly from the imports such as electronics or apparel that is made mostly in Asia. The cost of production for these goods are lower in China and most other Asian countries, making it much cheaper for Americans to buy these types of goods that are being manufactured overseas. The reality of international trade is that production will naturally shift to places where goods can be manufactured more efficiently and at a lower price. What the United States has to focus on is developing new technologies and products of higher quality. With a focus based on innovation and quality instead of labor costs. International trade has an impact on the country’s GDP, the financial markets, and importantly university students. The GDP of the United States becomes stronger when we export goods more than we import goods. If negative trade balances become consistent it can lead to deficits, which will in turn cause the government to borrow more. If the government borrows more this will have an impact on the financial markets which could in time make it more costly for the United States to cover all its deficits. We need to promote our exports in order to help the GDP and make our country more impressive to investors. A healthier economy will create enough employment for those needed, especially university graduates that will be trained for the field. The quotas and tariffs regarding the government’s choices has a direct impact on our trade and the relations that we have with other countries. Reducing tariffs and participating in free trade agreements helps our export businesses. This is a reason why our government has in the past worked for establishing trade agreements with countries as South Korea, Panama, and Colombia. When a free trade agreement takes place the trading partners will erase their quotas or tariffs against products from America, this makes it easier for us to send our products to those countries. Trade is a two way engagement, where both are finding a way to benefit, with consumers benefiting as well and our exports getting higher. Foreign exchange rates are the rates of one type of currency converted to another. Such as the rate for exchange between American dollars and Japan’s Yen which is 76 Yen per dollar. Some currencies are fixed with others. The rates of floating currency is determined by the supply and demand. An example is if the European demand for the dollar increases, the supply and demand relationship between them will cause the price to increase of the dollar in relation to the euro. There are many factors that affect exchange rates that include interest rates, unemployment, political instability, inflation, and GDP. When our GDP becomes higher and our exports become level with our imports, the stronger our currency will be and we will have a better overall financial health. There are some people that believe in protectionist policies that include restricting goods that are coming in from China and several other countries, including imposing tariffs that would increase costs for purchasing of goods in the United States. This kind of policy would be populist and fueled with the good intentions of trying to protect our American jobs, its actual consequences would be an elevating trade war with an opposite effect. History proves that when governments have attempted to restrict trade and enforced protectionist measures, other countries will attempt to retaliate and adopt similar policies. An example is the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act of 1930, which broke records by increasing tariffs on 25,000 goods which had an end effect of reducing imports and exports by 50% as trade partners began with similar style tariffs. This will translate into more unemployment as companies that will export their goods will see a drastic demand drop. Restricting imports from China woul d bring drastic measures from the Chinese government, and our companies would struggle as they would be unable to export goods to that part of the world. References Colander, D. C. (2010). Macroeconomics (8th Ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill/Irwin International Trade, ISSN 0020-7810, 2011, Volume 45, Issue 1, p. 79 The Journal of Economics, ISSN 0895-3309, 2007, Volume 21, Issue 3, p. 105 Foreign Policy, ISSN 0015-7228, 11/2003, Issue 139, p. 20 The American Foreign Trade, ISSN 0002-8282, 12/1928, Volume 18, Issue 4, pp. 706 713

Individual and Society During the Great War Period :: Essays Papers

Individual and Society During the Great War Period The concept of nationalism amongst European countries grew throughout the19th century and was maintained during the Great War. People began to see themselves as part of a nation, which came before the individual. As a result of this, individual freedoms, rights, and ideas were dismissed in order to solidify the nationalistic society. Nationalistic attitudes were implanted in the minds and hearts of the public by way of propaganda, education, and unification. People were under the belief that unification was necessary for the progression of their country, and were willing to give their lives for this ideal. This ultimately led to the beginning of the Great War. The imposition of national unity limited people from being individuals, separate from the whole of society, with their own beliefs, ideals, and freedoms. Nationalism purposefully limited them by creating a central norm which not all people were willing or able to adhere to. People's rights and freedoms were slowly whittled away at by the states entrance into their lives. The state did this in many ways. The impression of a distinct language and culture were done through the use of schools. They also accomplished this through programs and common goals. As a result of the growing number of schools and literate people, printed materials advocating nationalism and patriotism aided in this development.(1)Patriotism and loyalty to the state were instilled at an early age in the hope that the child would carry them through to adulthood. People's trust and dependence on the government increased during this period, increasing its power and influence over their lives. People believed that they were becoming unified in order to protect their common freedoms and their country's opportunity for progression. This unification of individuals into one body gave them the strength of a common bond. This would cause them to stand behind their nation, and put it above all else. The feelings that nationalism ignited within people, such as patriotism and loyalty to one's country, both aided in the development of World War I, and were used as ammunition by the rulers to enhance people's willingness to give their lives to the country through battle. People no longer viewed themselves as individuals, but rather, part of the nation. During the Great War, individual needs were set aside for the good of the nation. This was carved into the minds and hearts of the soldiers as well as those that were back at home.

Utos Ng Hari

JULIUS MARCOS SISON #381 Coloong II, Valenzuela City Email Address: [email  protected] com Contact Number: 09215649835/09357762293 OBJECTIVE To utilize the knowledge I produced in the field of Mathematics major in Business Application, and to show my skills and to perform my suitable ability in your company. PERSONAL BACKGROUND Birthday:July 02, 1994 Birthplace:Valenzuela City Age:18 years old Gender:Male Height:5’5† Weight:55 kg. Religion:Roman Catholic Citizenship:Filipino Languages:Tagalog and English Blood Type :(O) EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Tertiary :BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITYBachelor of Science in Mathematics (Business Application) Malolos, Bulacan 2010-Present Secondary:POLO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Valenzuela, City 2006 – 2010 Primary:Coloong Elementary School Valenzuela, City 2000 – 2006 RELEVANT SKILLS * Business Oriented * Efficiency in Microsoft Application such as Ms. Office and Exel. * Negotiation Skills and sound communication skill to interact with customers. ACHIVEMENT * Best Marketing Booth in the Marketing Trade fair February 20, 2013 TRAININGS AND SEMINARS ATTENDED * Career Building for On – the – Job Trainees AVR – Federizo Hall Bulacan State UniversityFebruary 21, 2013 * Formulating of Marketing Strategies : A Mathematical Strategies AVR – Federizo Hall Bulacan State University February 19, 2013 * The Role of Statistic in Business Planning AVR – Federizo Hall Bulacan State University February 21, 2012 CHARACTER REFERENCE Mr. Joselito S. Roque Instructor Bulacan State University – College of Science Mrs. Lucita M. Santiago Teacher Malinta Elementary School Mr. Wilfredo Ramos Brgy. Chairman Coloong II, Valenzuela City I hereby certify that the above information are true and correct to the best of my knowledge. JULIUS MARCOS SISON Applicant

Frederick Taylors Scientific Management - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2574 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Argumentative essay Level High school Did you like this example? Shannon Crilly13321480 Q.2 Frederick Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"scientific managementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ was for a different time and a different place. Discuss. I agree that Frederick Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"scientific managementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ undoubtedly belonged to a different time and place. In this essay I will express why I believe this to be true. To do so, I will begin by outlining where the idea originated from, and what exactly Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"scientific managementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ consists of. Following this I will discuss the reasons why I believe that this system was indeed for a different time and place, and I will compare it with systems that I believe to be more applicable to modern managerial work, for example Henry Mintzbergà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s views on the Managerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s roles. I do however, also believe that there are aspects of Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å "scientific managementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ which can be seen to operate well in managerial work today, and so I will also discuss the ways that I see this to be true. A manager is a person who is in charge of an organization or one of an organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s sub-units. They are responsible for controlling or overseeing a group of individuals, and they allocate, direct and account for resources. Their main duties are to plan, organise, lead, and control. The principal object of management should be to secure the maximum propensity for the employer, as well as the maximum propensity for each employee (Taylor, 1911). Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s analysis of management revealed that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"unscientific managementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ was the fundamental problem of the late years of the 19th century, around the time of the end of the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Long Depressionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. At this time Taylor was working as a machine-shop labourer at the Midvale Steel Company of P hiladelphia, and his studies were based on his personal observations of the organization and execution of daily work tasks here (Fulop and Linstead, 1999). He realised that maximum efficiency wasnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t being achieved by workers as employers were paying the lowest wages they could and in return the employees was doing as little work as they could (Taylor, 1911). The majority of workers believed that the fundamental interests of the workman and the management were antagonistic (Taylor, 1911). Taylor believed that the greatest obstacle to cooperation between the workman and the management was the ignorance of the management as to what the workmanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s daily endeavour actually consisted of (Taylor, 1911). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Scientific managementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ was developed on the contrary to this, where the interests of both the management and the workman needed to be viewed as one and the same à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" where prosperity for the employer cannot be ac hieved in the long run unless it is accompanied by prosperity for the employee (Taylor, 1911). Taylor came up with a systematic approach to the study and design of work (Fulop and Linstead, 1999). There were four fundamental elements of this idea of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"scientific managementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ outlining the new duties of the management. The first being that they develop a science for each element of a workmanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s work, where before they simply used a general rule of thumb method (Taylor, 1911). Secondly the management themselves scientifically select and train the workmen. In the past the workman appointed his own work and trained himself to the best of his capabilities (Taylor, 1911). Thirdly the management heartily cooperate with the workmen, insuring that all the work is being done in accordance with the developed principles of the science (Taylor, 1911). Fourthly and finally, that there is an essentially equal division of both work and responsibility between the workmen and the management. The management take on the work for which they are better suited, where in the past the majority of the responsibility and virtually all of the workload were thrown upon the workmen (Taylor, 1911). At the time the system of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"scientific managementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ was adopted by numerous companies in the United States, and it worked very well. Daily wages rose from 33% à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 100 % higher than surrounding companies who were still operating under ordinary management, and average output per man per machine doubled (Taylor, 1911). As time progressed however, flaws to the system surfaced, and what seemed to be more appropriate management systems were developed. One element of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"scientific managementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ was that work activities were standardized and formalized to optimize execution of finely subdivided repetitive tasks (Fulop and Linstead, 1999), for example Henry Fordà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s asse mbly line that was developed after 1914 is an extension of this principle (Drucker, 1999). In their book, Liz Fulop and Stephen Linstead point out how this isolating and repetitive nature of work tasks was seen by the workmen and the trade unions as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"the ultimate dehumanizing and alienation approach to workà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (Fulop and Linstead, 1999). Workmen became dissatisfied, increasingly careless, and more frequently absent from their employment. Working in these in humane working conditions, caused many workers to suffer extensive psychological trauma and poor work life quality (Fulop and Linstead, 1999). Managers could see that demotivation from the never-ending monotony of the factory was bound to emerge in the long run (Fulop and Linstead, 1999). In todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s society employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s average intelligence has risen greatly, and people have become more aware of their value as human beings (Priestly, 2005). While à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"scientif ic managementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ workers were viewed as working solely for economic reward, today people are no longer satisfied with receiving only fiscal reward for their work (Priestly, 2005). It was clear that managers needed to look for ways to make jobs more intrinsically rewarding à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" so that the actual work itself would bring a reward of significance or trial (Boddy, 2005). Most early job redesign strategies were concerned with reversing the effects the over-specified, inflexible jobs that stemmed from Scientific Management, emphasizing making jobs more satisfying and challenging (Fulop and Linstead, 1999). The 21st Century has seen significant increases in access to technology and information. This is another reason why it is difficult to apply à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"scientific managementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ to modern organizations. Organizations today process huge amounts of input, provided by satellite link-ups and the Internet, and employees no longer work in isol ated units but are literally connected to the organization in its whole (Priestly, 2005). With this swift technological growth the importance of reacting quickly to developments that may affect the organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s welfare is rising, and managers realise that it is not possible for them to control every aspect of employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s functions, making it imperative for the employees to use their own initiative (Priestly, 2005). This flexibility that must be sustained by modern companies does not comply with Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"scientific managementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, which required the work of every workman to be entirely planned out by the management at least one day in advance (Boddy, 2005). Lack of flexibility of workers can also be seen under à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"scientific managementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ when workers became too highly specialized in their specific task, prohibiting their capability to adapt to new situations. Managers in the 21 st century require their workers exhibit flexibility as well as efficiency (Priestly, 2005). Henry Mintzberg also tackles many principles of Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"scientific managementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ by comparing what he believes to be à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"folkloreà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and what he believes to be fact about the managerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s job, from his point of view in 1990. The first principle he deals with is that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"the manager is a reflective, systematic plannerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (Mintzberg, 1990). He countered this by explaining how instead numerous studies have shown that the manager works at an inexorable pace, and that their activities are characterized by brevity, variety and discontinuity (Mintzberg, 1990). He backs up his claim with evidence from studies of U.S. foremen and of British top and middle managers, where his beliefs, which contradict Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, can be seen to be true in these modern work organizations. Mintzberg also opposes à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"scientific managementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ as a whole by saying that it is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"folkloreà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ that management is a science and a profession (Mintzberg, 1990). What Mintzberg suggests to be true today is that the managerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s programs, including decision making and so on, are rooted deep with their brains (Mintzberg, 1990). With organizations becoming much more complex today, the managerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s job is increasingly more difficult. Managers are overburdened with obligations and are forced to overwork and do many of their task superficially (Mintzberg, 1990). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Scientific managementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ concentrated on specialized functions of the organization, but Mintzberg saw that the characteristics required of effective managerial work are brevity, fragmentation and verbal communication (Mintzberg, 1990). As these are not what à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"scientific managementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ was prim arily concerned with, these characteristics have in fact impeded any scientific attempts to improve the managerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s job (Mintzberg, 1990). Peter Drucker had a great amount of respect for Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"scientific managementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. In his article in the California Management Review, he declared that no matter how loudly Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s antagonists tried to proclaim their differences with him, every method during the past one hundred years that has shown any success in raising manual works productivity and real wages, has in fact been based on Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s principles (Drucker, 1999). This can been seen in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"work enlargementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"work enrichmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"job rotationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ for example (Drucker, 1999). Despite this, Drucker did agree that in entering the 21st Century we needed to move past à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"scientific managementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. He expressed the factors which he considered to be successful in determining the knowledge-workerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s productivity. One of them being that the responsibility for knowledge worker productivity must lie with the individual knowledge workers themselves. They have to manage themselves; have autonomy (Drucker, 1999). Another being that continuous innovation must to be part of the work, and a third is that productivity of the knowledge worker does not solely depend on quantity; quality is at least equally as important (Drucker, 1999). Each of these are almost the complete opposite of the factors emphasized by Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"scientific managementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. Druckerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s knowledge worker system has proved to work effectively in the modern workplace, and an example of where its success can be seen is with a group of orthopaedic surgeons in a Mid-western city in the United States (Drucker, 1999). One of the pri nciples of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Scientific managementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ that I previously mentioned that it was heavily oriented to turning everything work-related into quantifiable dimensions, rather than relying on the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"rule of thumbà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ method (Ritzer, 1983). Fordismà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s roots are based on Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s management model (Priestly, 2005). I will use the example that I previously mentioned of the assembly line. This is similarly oriented to a variety of quantifiable dimensions such as optimizing the speed of the line, and decreasing the price of the finished product (Ritzer, 1983). General Motors received increased sales and ultimately increased profits from the employment of this system. Although his theory retained the faults of Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s; little workplace democracy and alienation, after 16 years of implementing Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s scientific approach, Ford skilfully managed to sell more than 10 million cars, proving the success of the system (The Saylor Foundation, 2005). The auto industry has continued to thrive into the 21st Century, making use of new efficiencies and cost reductions (The Saylor Foundation, 2005). There are many other organizations today where elements of Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"scientific managementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ can be seen to be employed effectively. Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s system strived for rationality and maximum efficiency. A typical example of an organization employing à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"scientific managementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ in its production is the fast food chain McDonalds. The McDonalds workerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s manual includes every step-by-step detail that the staff must follow, from the precise cooking times and temperature settings for all products and equipment, to that precise instruction that the Grill men must put hamburgers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"on the grill moving left to right, creating six rows of six patties eachà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ ž ¢ (Priestly, 2005). Speed, convenience and standardization are set in place of any creation in cooking or variety in choice (Ritzer, 1983). Uniformity is complete in every McDonaldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s restaurant, meaning that no matter what country in the world you are in, each on is using the same standard method to prepare food, promote the staff, and clean the floors (Priestly, 2005). This scientific system of managing every aspect of working life in this fast food chain is what has given them the ability to efficiently supply standard food and service around world and lead them to become the biggest restaurant chain on Earth (Priestly, 2005). While there is no doubt that it is this scientifically managed system that has led to McDonaldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s worldwide triumph, the flaws of the system are still to be seen. George Ritzer introduces the idea of the irony of the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"irrationality of rationalityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ that is found in the workplace of McDonalds (R itzer, 2011). This means that what appears to be an extremely rational and efficient system, does in fact lead inefficiency, loss of control, and other irrationalities in the long run. Employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"McJobsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ are deemed dehumanizing, and provide little satisfaction or stability, and so it is no surprise that alienation, resentment and absenteeism are present (Ritzer, 2011). The fast-food industry have an enormous turnover rate of 300%, meaning that the average workers only lasts for approximately 4 months (Ritzer, 20011). This high turnover rate is of course inadmissible for any organization, as there is the increased costs of constantly hiring and training new staff. Also, the lack of workerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s skill required for their à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"McJobsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ in inefficient for the organization. Managers could be obtaining much more from their workers for the money they are paid (Ritzer, 2011), but as they operate under a s cientific system of management, there is no diversity or flexibility in the workerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s jobs, and therefore they can only do the exact tasks that they are asked to do in the exact manner that they are asked to do them. To conclude, I would say that it is evidently clear that Frederick Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"scientific managementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ was developed for a different time and a different place. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Scientific managementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ seemed like a simple result to managerial problems at the end of the 19th Century, but modern organizations of the 21st, being much more complex, require more than a systematic approach to managers. There is no doubt that Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ideas have dramatically shaped modern methods of mass production and structural organization (The Saylor Foundation, 2005), and it is true that there are elements to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"scientific managementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ which cooperate well today with some organizations management systems and continue to work effectively, however in general, our industry and society today have moved on and left à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"scientific managementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ in the past where it belongs. Bibliography Boddy, D. (ed.) 2005. Management: An Introduction, 3rd edition. Harlow, Pearson Education. Drucker, F. P. 1999. Knowledge-Worker Productivity: The Biggest Challenge. In Introduction to Organisation and Management, 3rd edition. (Quilliam J., ed.), Harlow, Pearson Education, pp. 247-262. Fulop, L. and Linstead, S. 1999. Management: A Critical Text. South Yarra, Macmillan Publishers Australia. Mintzberg, H. 1990. The Managerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Job: Folklore and Fact. In Introduction to Organisation and Management, 3rd edition. (Quilliam J., ed.), Harlow, Pearson Education, pp. 53-68. Priestley, S. 2005. Scientific Management in 21st Century. Available online at: www.articlecity.com/articles/business_and_finance/article4161.shtm l [Accessed 31st January 2014]. Ritzer, G. 1983. The McDonaldization of Society. Journal of American Culture, 6(1), 100-107. Available online at: https://antropologi.fib.ugm.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/George-Ritzer-The-McDonaldization-of-Society.pdf [Accessed 31st January 2014]. Ritzer, G. 2011. The McDonaldization of Society 6. California, SAGE Publications, pp. 141-160. Available online at: https://engl101-mlady.wikispaces.umb.edu/file/view/Chpt+7+-+Irrationality+of+Rationality.pdf [Accessed 12th February 2014]. Taylor, W. F. 1911. The Fundamentals of Scientific Management. New York, Harper Brothers. Available online at: www.marxists.org/reference/subject/economics/taylor/principles/ch01.htm [Accessed 3rd January 2014]. Taylor, W. F. 1911. The Principles of Scientific Management: Part I. In Introduction to Organisation and Management, 3rd edition. (Quilliam J., ed.), Harlow, Pearson Education, pp. 32-51. The Saylor Foundation, 2005. Scientific Management Theory and t he Ford Motor Company. Available online at: https://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/Saylor.orgs-Scientific-Management-Theory-and-the-Ford-Motor-Company.pdf [Accessed February 7th 2014]. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Frederick Taylors Scientific Management" essay for you Create order